Enterochromaffin (EC) cells aka Kulchitsky cells
Enterochromaffin (EC) cells (also known as Kulchitsky cells) are a type of enteroendocrine cell, and neuroendocrine cell. They reside alongside the epithelium lining the lumen of the digestive tract and play a crucial role in gastrointestinal regulation, particularly intestinal motility and secretion. They were discovered by Nikolai Kulchitsky. Bertrand,
Chromaffin cells aka pheochromocytes
Chromaffin cells, also called pheochromocytes (or phaeochromocytes), are neuroendocrine cells found mostly in the medulla of the adrenal glands in mammals. These cells serve a variety of functions such as serving as a response to stress, monitoring carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations in the body, maintenance of respiration and the
Pistacia terebinthus aka the terebinth and the turpentine tree
Pistacia palaestina, terebinth Pistacia terebinthus also called the terebinth and the turpentine tree, is a deciduous tree species of the genus Pistacia, native to the Mediterranean region from the western regions of Morocco and Portugal to Greece and western and southeastern Turkey. At one time terebinths growing on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea (in Syria, Lebanon and Israel) were regarded as
magical poop paper and the tree it rode in on
Guaiac cards and bottle of developer that contains hydrogen peroxide Welcome to the fascinating world of fecal forensics! Let's dive into the delightfully disgusting details of the guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT), a colorful adventure in colon cancer screening! Imagine
Homovanillic acid (HVC) and Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)
Homovanillic acid (HVA) is a major catecholamine metabolite that is produced by a consecutive action of monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyltransferase on dopamine. Lambert, G.W.; Eisenhofer, G.; Jennings, G.L.; Esler, M.D. (1993). "Regional homovanillic acid production in humans". Life Sciences. 53 (1): 63–75. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(93)90612-7. PMID 8515683. Homovanillic acid is used as a reagent to detect oxidative enzymes, and is associated with dopamine levels
Isaac Asimov’s Thiotimoline
Thiotimoline is a fictitious chemical compound conceived by American biochemist and science fiction author Isaac Asimov. Isaac Asimov (1920 – 1992) was an American writer and professor of biochemistry at Boston University. During his lifetime, Asimov was considered one of the "Big Three" science fiction writers, along with Robert A. Heinlein and Arthur C. Clarke. A prolific
Catecholamine (CA)
A catecholamine (abbreviated CA) is a monoamine neurotransmitter, an organic compound that has a catechol (benzene with two hydroxyl side groups next to each other) and a side-chain amine. Fitzgerald, P. A. (2011). "Chapter 11. Adrenal Medulla and Paraganglia". In Gardner, D. G.; Shoback, D. (eds.). Greenspan's Basic & Clinical Endocrinology (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Retrieved October 26, 2011. Catechol,
Sound-induced convulsions in the hamster associated with magnesium deficiency (1947)
Exposure of 16 hamsters maintained on an Mg deficient diet, 10 animals placed on a control diet immediately after a first convulsive attack, 10 Mg-deficient animals given Mg supplements after each induced convulsion, and 12 control animals maintained on adequate
Magnesium Deficiency Causes a Reversible, Metabolic, Diastolic Cardiomyopathy (2021)
Background Dietary Mg intake is associated with a decreased risk of developing heart failure, whereas low circulating Mg level is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. We investigated whether Mg deficiency alone could cause cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results C57BL/6J mice were
The hyperventilation syndrome: a neurosis or a manifestation of magnesium imbalance? (1985)
It has been proven with clinical, psychological and electromyographic tests that the hyperventilation (HV) syndrome cannot be separated from so-called genuine tetany. Tetanic patients with and without HV are characterized by a significant hypocalcemia; but a significant hypomagnesemia is exclusively
Latent tetany and anxiety, marginal magnesium deficit, and normocalcemia (1975)
The identification of marginal magnesium deficit, such as we have detected in a patient with anxiety, depression, and psychomatic complaints, is a difficult diagnostic problem. Electromyography of a limb, rendered acutely ischemic either just before or after hyperventilation, can elicit
Hypomagnesemic tetany of ruminants (1988)
Hypomagnesemic tetany of ruminants is a noninfectious metabolic disorder that occurs in a wide range of nutritional and management conditions. This article considers its etiology and pathogenesis, clinical signs, clinical pathology and lesions, diagnosis, clinical management, prevention, and control. Smith RA,
The magnesium-deficiency tetany syndrome in man (1960)
Magnesium is second only to potassium in abundance as an intracellular cation. The whole body of a human adult contains nearly 25 gm. The numerous important biochemical reactions dependent upon the presence of this metal have been discussed elsewhere. Magnesium is an
Studies on the nutritional basis of abnormal behavior in albino rats; the effect of pyridoxine deficiency upon sound-induced magnesium tetany (1945)
After a magnesium deficient diet for 5 to 8 days, young rats showed vasodilatation, hyperirritability, and latent tetany. Brief exposures to the sound of a resonated buzzer elicited severe tonic-clonic convulsions. When such a diet was continued for 10
Sonification
Sonification is the use of non-speech audio to convey information or perceptualize data. Auditory perception has advantages in temporal, spatial, amplitude, and frequency resolution that open possibilities as an alternative or complement to visualization techniques. Video of air pollution data from Beijing being conveyed as a piece of music Kramer, Gregory, ed. (1994). Auditory
Buzz Pollination or Sonication
Buzz pollination or sonication is a technique used by some bees, such as solitary bees to release pollen which is more or less firmly held by the anthers. Fidalgo, Adriana De O.; Kleinert, Astrid De M. P. (2009-12-01). "Reproductive biology of six Brazilian Myrtaceae:‐is there a syndrome associated with buzz-pollination?". New