The Greeks and Romans, at least from the Hellenistic period onward, used Neolithic stone axeheads for the apotropaic protection of buildings. A 1985 survey of the use of prehistoric axes in Romano-British contexts found forty examples, of which twenty-nine were associated with buildings including villas, military structures such as barracks, temples, and kilns.
- C A Faraone (2014). “Inscribed Greek Thunderstones as House- and Body-Amulets in Roman Imperial Times”. Kernos. 27 (27): 257–284. doi:10.4000/kernos.2283.
- Adkins, L.; Adkins, R. A. (1985). “Neolithic Axes from Roman Sites in Britain”. Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 4: 69–76. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1985.tb00231.x.
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