Byers was not merely “involved” with claim clubs – he was up to his eyeballs in these quasi-legal cesspools of frontier justice!

SOURCES

Etcheson, Nicole. “Manliness and the Political Culture of the Old Northwest, 1790-1860.” Journal of the Early Republic 15, no. 1 (1995): 59-77.

Haines, Francis. “The Northward Spread of Horses Among the Plains Indians.” American Anthropologist 40, no. 3 (1938): 429-437.

King, J. Crawford Jr. “The Closing of the Southern Range: An Exploratory Study.” The Journal of Southern History 48, no. 1 (1982): 53-70.

Larson, John Lauritz. “Grasping at the Past: The English Common Law and the Northern Farmer, 1770-1860.” The Wisconsin Magazine of History 61, no. 1 (1977): 3-21.

McIntosh, C. Barron. “Use and Abuse of the Timber Culture Act.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 65, no. 3 (1975): 347-362.

Rohrbough, Malcolm J. “The Land Office Business: The Settlement and Administration of American Public Lands, 1789-1837.” New York: Oxford University Press, 1968.

White, Richard. “It’s Your Misfortune and None of My Own”: A New History of the American West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.

Wunder, John R. “Law and the Community on the Mexican California Frontier: Anglo-American Expatriates and the Clash of Legal Traditions, 1821-1846.” Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1979.

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