Category: Digestive system
-
Calcitonin
Calcitonin is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone secreted by PARAFOLLICULAR CELLS (also known as C cells) of the thyroid (or endostyle) in humans and other chordates in the ultimopharyngeal body. It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca2+), opposing the effects of PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH). Its importance in humans has not been as well established as its importance in other animals, as its function is usually not significant in the…
-
Oxytocin
Oxytocin (Oxt or OT) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (41 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. 2015. p. 358. ISBN 978-0-7020-6851-5. It plays a role in social bonding, reproduction, childbirth, and the period after childbirth. Audunsdottir K, Quintana DS (2022-01-25). “Oxytocin’s dynamic role across the lifespan”. Aging Brain: 100028. doi:10.1016/j.nbas.2021.100028. ISSN 2589-9589. S2CID 246314607. Leng G, Leng RI (November 2021). “Oxytocin: A…
-
Cholecystokinin aka pancreozymin notes
History Structure Function Gastrointestinal Digestion Satiety The effects of CCK vary between individuals. For example, in rats , CCK administration significantly reduces hunger in adult males, but is slightly less effective in younger subjects, and even slightly less effective in females. The hunger-suppressive effects of CCK also are reduced in obese rats. Fink H, Rex A, Voits M, Voigt…
-
Ghrelin or lenomorelin
History and name Gene, transcription products, and structure Ghrelin cells Alternative names Location Features Function and mechanism of action Blood levels Ghrelin receptor Locations of action Glucose metabolism Sleep Reproductive system Fetus and neonate Anorexia and obesity Disease management Gastric bypass surgery See also External links Look up ghrelin in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Hormones Peptides: neuropeptides Appetite…
-
Prolactin (PRL)
In mammals, prolactin is associated with milk production; in fish it is thought to be related to the control of water and salt balance. Prolactin also acts in a cytokine-like manner and as an important regulator of the immune system. It has important cell cycle-related functions as a growth-, differentiating- and anti-apoptotic factor. As a growth factor,…
-
Progastrin
Progastrin is an 80-amino acid intracellular protein and the precursor of gastrin, a gastrointestinal hormone produced by G cells in the gastric antrum. Fiona M., Gribble; Frank, Reimann; Geoffrey, P. Roberts (2018). Gastrointestinal Hormones. Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Elsevier. pp. 31–70. The main function of gastrin is to regulate acid secretion. Rehfeld, Jens F.; Goetze, Jens Peter (2005). “2 The Post-Translational Phase of Gene Expression in Tumor…
-
Gastrin
Gastrin is a peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility. It is released by G cells in the pyloric antrum of the stomach, duodenum, and the pancreas. Gastrin binds to cholecystokinin B receptors to stimulate the release of histamines in enterochromaffin-like cells, and it induces the insertion of K+/H+ ATPase pumps into the apical membrane of parietal cells (which…
