The region where the crescentic masses of the ectoderm and endoderm come into direct contact with each other constitutes a thin membrane, the buccopharyngeal membrane (or oropharyngeal membrane), which forms a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx.
In front of the buccopharyngeal area, where the lateral crescents of mesoderm fuse in the middle line, the pericardium is afterward developed, and this region is therefore desi
Rete pegs (aka rete processes or rete ridges or papillae) are epithelial extensions that project into the underlying connective tissue in both skin and mucous membranes.
In the epithelium of the mouth, the attached gingiva exhibit rete pegs, while the sulcular and junctional epithelia do not. Scar tissue lacks ret
Thermolysin is used in the industrial synthesis of aspartame. It catalyzes the formation of the peptide bond between aspartic acid and phenylalanine methyl ester, resulting in aspartame.
Both thermolysin and snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) share a similar mechanism of action, utilizing zinc ions to hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins
Arsenic eaters were people who regularly consumed small amounts of arsenic. Its use was particularly common in the 19th century in Styria and Tyrol, where arsenic is known under the names Hidrach or Hittrach, dialect for metallurgical smoke, and was a by-product of glass production (in the glassworks) and ore smelting.
This term can be traced back to the Middle Ages, when arsenic was already in use as a stimulant. Arsenic eaters, known as dippers, are also known from the southern states of the
Baruch Samuel Blumberg (1925 – 2011), aka Barry Blumberg, was an American physician, geneticist, co-recipient of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (with Daniel Carleton Gajdusek), for his work on the hepatitis B virus. He was also the first director of NASA Astrobiology Institute.
He was also president of the American Philosophical Society from 2005 until his death. Blumberg and Gajdusek received the Nobel Prize for discovering “new mechanisms for th
The first hepatitis B vaccine was approved in the United States in 1981. A recombinant version came to market in 1986. Both versions were developed by Maurice Hilleman and his team. (a history of hepatitis B vaccine)
Preliminary work In 1963, the American physician/geneticist Baruch Blumberg, working at the Fox Chase Cancer Center, discovered what he called the “Australia Antigen”
Wolf Szmuness, epidemiologist and former roommate of a future Pope John Paul II, is named in an AIDS origin theory involving his hepatitis B vaccine trials
Wolf Szmuness (1919 – 1982) was a Polish-born epidemiologist who emigrated to and worked in the United States. He conducted research at the New York Blood Center and, from 1
Gomis-Rüth FX, Kress LF, Kellermann J, Mayr I, Lee X, Huber R, Bode W. Refined 2.0 A X-ray crystal structure of the snake venom zinc-endopeptidase adamalysin II. Primary and tertiary structure determination, refinement, molecular structure and comparison with astacin, collagenase and thermolysin. J Mol Biol. 1994 Jun 17;239(4):513-44. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1392. PMID: 8006965.
Adamalysin II, alias proteinase II, a 24 kDa zinc-endopeptidase isolated from the snake venom of the Eastern diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus, is a prototype, of the pr
Marx SO, Reiken S, Hisamatsu Y, Gaburjakova M, Gaburjakova J, Yang YM, Rosemblit N, Marks AR. Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of ryanodine receptors: a novel role for leucine/isoleucine zippers. J Cell Biol. 2001 May 14;153(4):699-708. doi: 10.1083/jcb.153.4.699. PMID: 11352932; PMCID: PMC2192391.
Abstract Ryanodine receptors (RyRs), intracellular calcium release channels required for cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction, are macromolecular complexes that include kinases
The terms immunogen and antigen were not distinguished until 1959
An immunogen is any substance that generates B-cell (humoral/antibody) and/or T-cell (cellular) adaptive immune responses upon exposure to a host organism.[1][2] Imm
Inosculation is a natural phenomenon in which trunks, branches or roots of two trees grow together in a manner biologically similar to the artificial process of grafting
The term is derived from the Latin roots in + ōsculārī, “to kiss into/inward/against” or etymologically and more illustratively “to make a small mouth inwar
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu introduced smallpox variolation – which she called engrafting – to Britain in 1717
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689 – 1762) was an English aristocrat, medical pioneer, writer, and poet. Born in 1689, Lady Mary spent her early life in England. In 1712, Lady
Average body temperature among Americans has dropped about 0.02 °C (0.05 F) every decade since the early 1800s and 0.03 °C every decade since 1960
Mackowiak PA, Wasserman SS, Levine MM. A Critical Appraisal of 98.6°F, the Upper Limit of the Normal Body Temperature, and Other Legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich. JA
Evans blue
T-1824 or Evans blue, often incorrectly rendered as Evan’s blue, is an azo dye that has a very high affinity for serum albumin. Because of this, it can be useful in ph
Dermatan sulfate (and a few other things)
Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan (formerly called a mucopolysaccharide) found mostly in skin, but also in blood vessels, heart valves, ten