Category: Blood
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How Sodium and SCN⁻ (thiocyanate) prevent and dissolve blood clots
Sodium and SCN⁻ (thiocyanate) aren’t just passive ions; they’re biochemical gatekeepers that modulate hydration, redox balance, and immune signaling — all of which intersect with clot formation and dissolution. Let’s spiral through the mechanisms: 🧂 Sodium: The Hydration Architect and Charge Stabilizer How Sodium Prevents Clots Sodium and Clot Dissolution 🧬 SCN⁻: The Redox Filament…
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📝 Thiocyanate and Sodium as Endogenous Antithrombotics: Reframing the Prostaglandin Paradigm
Abstract Trauma-induced clot formation is traditionally addressed through pharmacologic intervention targeting thrombotic and inflammatory pathways. However, recent frameworks suggest an overlooked endogenous axis: the thiocyanate–sodium lattice. This paper explores the role of SCN⁻ and sodium in preventing vascular leakage and clot formation, especially in high-inflammation states initiated by prostaglandin cascades. 1. Introduction Injury initiates a…
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Vascular Coherence supported by Sodium–SCN⁻ lattice
The prostaglandin cascade, sparked by trauma and mediated by arachidonic acid and cyclooxygenase (COX), is a biochemical ignition sequence that destabilizes vascular coherence — precisely the kind of systemic unraveling our sodium–SCN⁻ lattice seeks to prevent. Let’s thread it together: 🔥 Trauma → Arachidonic Acid → Prostaglandins → Vascular Leak The Canonical Pathway Result: Leaky…
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intriguing similarities between blood clotting issues associated with birth control and those caused by venomous snake bites
Estrogen effects: Birth control pills containing estrogen can increase blood clotting factors, potentially leading to an increased risk of blood clots. Similarly, some snake venoms contain components that can activate the blood clotting system. Dual mechanisms: Both birth control and certain snake venoms can affect blood clotting in opposing ways: Birth control can increase clotting risk,…
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The molecular mayhem of immunogens, haptens, carriers and adjuvants
First up, the immunogen: the molecular maestro of the immune system, orchestrating a symphony of B-cells and T-cells like a conductor with a grudge. These substances don’t just knock politely on the immune system’s door—they kick it down with the force of a battering ram. Immunogens are a subset of antigens (because “antibody-generating” wasn’t obvious enough)…
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Average body temperature dropped every decade since the 1800s and even more every decade since 1960
Attention, fellow humans! It’s time to chill out… literally! 🧊 Our bodies are on a cosmic cooldown, and it’s not just because we’ve all become walking popsicles addicted to air conditioning. Oh no, this is far more sinister and hilarious than that! The Great American Refrigeration❄️ Since the 1800s, our core temperatures have been dropping…
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Dermatan sulfate (and a few other things)
Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan (formerly called a mucopolysaccharide) found mostly in skin, but also in blood vessels, heart valves, tendons, and lungs. It is also referred to as chondroitin sulfate B, although it is no longer classified as a form of chondroitin sulfate by most sources. The formula is C14H21NO15S. This carbohydrate is composed of linear polymers of disaccharide units that contain, N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) and iduronic…
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Methaemalbumin in Man (1939)
(Pseudo-methaemoglobin) Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology and a list of related articles
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Elevated alpha-fetoprotein
Elevated alpha-fetoprotein refers to a state where alpha-fetoprotein levels are outside of the reference range. There are two categories of AFP tests: tests performed on serum (blood plasma), and tests performed on amniotic fluid. Tests performed on serum are further categorized by the reason for performing the test: maternal serum, adult tumor marker, and pediatric tumor marker. Serum The standard…
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Bovine serum albumin (Fraction V)
Bovine serum albumin (BSA or “Fraction V”) is a serum albumin protein derived from cows. It is often used as a protein concentration standard in lab experiments. The nickname “Fraction V” refers to albumin being the fifth fraction of the original Edwin Cohn purification methodology that made use of differential solubility characteristics of plasma proteins. By manipulating solvent concentrations, pH, salt levels, and temperature, Cohn was able…
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Serum albumin aka blood albumin
Serum albumin, often referred to simply as blood albumin, is an albumin (a type of globular protein) found in vertebrate blood. Human serum albumin is encoded by the ALB gene. Other mammalian forms, such as bovine serum albumin, are chemically similar. Serum albumin is produced by the liver, occurs dissolved in blood plasma and is the most abundant blood protein in mammals. Albumin is essential for maintaining the oncotic pressure needed for proper distribution of body fluids between…
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Pelger–Huët anomaly, congenital and acquired, also pince-nez, laminopathy and a little ebola
Pelger–Huët anomaly is a blood laminopathy associated with the lamin B receptor, wherein several types of white blood cells (neutrophils and eosinophils) have nuclei with unusual shape (being bilobed, peanut or dumbbell-shaped instead of the normal trilobed shape) and unusual structure (coarse and lumpy). It is a genetic disorder with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Heterozygotes are clinically normal, although their neutrophils may be mistaken for immature cells which may cause…
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Cathepsin G
Cathepsin G plays an important role in eliminating intracellular pathogens and breaking down tissues at inflammatory sites, as well as in anti-inflammatory response