Category: Blood
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Protamine sulfate is a medication that is used to reverse the effects of heparin and reported to cause allergic reactions in patients who are allergic to fish, diabetics using insulin preparations containing protamine, and vasectomized or infertile men
Protamine sulfate is a medication that is used to reverse the effects of heparin. It is specifically used in heparin overdose, in low molecular weight heparin overdose, and to reverse the effects of heparin during delivery and heart surgery. It is given by injection into a vein. The onset of effects is typically within five minutes. Common side effects include low blood pressure, slow heart rate, allergic reactions, and…
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Although RES is commonly associated exclusively with macrophages, recent research has revealed that the cells that accumulate intravenously administered vital stain belong to a highly specialised group of cells called scavenger endothelial cells (SECs), that are not macrophages
In anatomy the term “reticuloendothelial system” (abbreviated RES), often associated nowadays with the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), was originally launched by the beginning of the 20th century to denote a system of specialised cells that effectively clear colloidal vital stains (so called because they stain living cells) from the blood circulation. The term is still used today, but its meaning has changed…
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Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) AKA the hepatic sinusoids
They form the lining of the smallest blood vessels in the liver
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Riboflavin and its breakdown products interact with DNA, making this system attractive in the photodisinfection of blood and blood products
The application of photosensitisers to tropical pathogens in the blood supply Mark Wainwright PhD, Mauricio S. Baptista, in Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 2011 Riboflavin As vitamin B2, riboflavin (Fig. 5) is an essential nutrient in humans. The Mirasol system (Navigant Biotechnologies Inc., CO, USA) utilises riboflavin as a photosensitiser in conjunction with long-wave ultraviolet light [37]. Plainly given its essential nature, there are fewer potential toxicity problems…
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Ferrochelatase catalyses the eighth and terminal step in the biosynthesis of heme, converting protoporphyrin IX into heme B
Protoporphyrin ferrochelatase (EC 4.98.1.1, formerly EC 4.99.1.1, or ferrochelatase; systematic name protoheme ferro-lyase (protoporphyrin-forming)) is an enzyme encoded by the FECH gene in humans. Ferrochelatase catalyses the eighth and terminal step in the biosynthesis of heme, converting protoporphyrin IX into heme B. It catalyses the reaction: protoheme + 2 H+ = protoporphyrin + Fe2+ Function Ferrochelatase catalyzes the insertion of ferrous iron into protoporphyrin IX in the heme biosynthesis…
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Light and Medical Tests
From Ask a Scientist: “Serum and plasma both come from the liquid portion of the blood that remains once the cells are removed, but that’s where the similarities end. Serum is the liquid that remains after the blood has clotted. Plasma is the liquid that remains when clotting is prevented with the addition of an anticoagulant.” The…
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Nabil M. Elkassabany, Geralyn M. Meny, Rafael R. Doria, Catherine Marcucci; Green Plasma—Revisited. Anesthesiology 2008; 108:764–765 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181672668
We could find no reports on green plasma in the past 40 yr in either the surgical or the anesthesia literature, which perhaps explains the lack of knowledge on the part of today’s clinicians. However, we found several articles dating back to the 1960s. At that time, green plasma was appearing in blood banks in…
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It Ain’t Easy Being Green
Is this why they have gone off the rails with the beta carotene and related things? Thoughts for another day. A search for “green plasma” at pubmed turns up 130 articles from 1965 to present. A search for green plasma (without the marks) or ‘green plasma’ at the same place turns up 1280 articles from…
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Wolf P, Enlander D, Dalziel J, Swanson J. Green plasma in blood donors. N Engl J Med. 1969 Jul 24;281(4):205. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196907242810407. PMID: 5790495.
ABSTRACT: Recently we have noticed that many plasmas in female blood donors have been extremely green. A green plasma in a unit of blood usually suggests the presence of a gram-negative cryophilic organism such as pseudomonas producing a green pigment that could cause shock if the unit were used, and these units should therefore be…
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Tovey LA, Lathe GH. Caeruloplasmin and green plasma in women taking oral contraceptives, in pregnant women, and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 1968 Sep 14;2(7568):596-600. PMID: 4175158.
ABSTRACT: Of blood donations reaching the Leeds Regional Blood Transfusion Laboratory about 1% have green plasma. Most of these come from women taking oral contraceptives, who constitute about 6% of the blood-donor population. The three conditions in which green plasma is found all have elevated amounts of the blue plasma-protein, cæruloplasmin. A reduction in yellow…
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Ceruloplasmin carries more than 95% of the total copper in healthy human plasma and in addition plays a role in iron metabolism. It was first described in 1948.
Ceruloplasmin (or caeruloplasmin) is a ferroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CP gene. Ceruloplasmin is the major copper-carrying protein in the blood, and in addition plays a role in iron metabolism. It was first described in 1948. Another protein, hephaestin, is noted for its homology to ceruloplasmin, and also participates in iron and probably copper metabolism. Function Ceruloplasmin (CP) is an enzyme (EC 1.16.3.1) synthesized…
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The transforming growth factor beta receptors
a family of serine/threonine kinase receptors involved in TGF beta signaling pathway
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Glucuronic acid is a uronic acid that was first isolated from urine
Glucuronic acid (from Greek γλεῦκος “wine, must” and οὖρον “urine“) is a uronic acid that was first isolated from urine (hence the name”uronic acid”). It is found in many gums such as gum arabic (approx. 18%), xanthan, and kombucha tea and is important for the metabolism of microorganisms, plants and animals. Not to be confused with Gluconic acid (Gluconic acid occurs naturally in fruit, honey, and wine. As a food additive E574, it is now known as an acidity regulator.…
