Tag: Glucose
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Snake Venom: The Hormone Hijacker 🐍
Imagine a villainous mastermind that can infiltrate your body’s hormonal headquarters, manipulating the delicate balance of estrogen and other hormones. Welcome to the world of snake venom, where the stakes are high and the effects are unpredictable. Estrogen’s Uninvited Guest: When Snake Venom Crashes the Hormone Hoedown Prepare for the most bizarre gatecrasher at the…
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Phosphorylation
In biochemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion.[1] This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology.[2] Protein phosphorylation often activates (or deactivates) many enzymes.[3][4] During respiration and photosynthesis Phosphorylation is essential to the processes of both anaerobic and aerobic respiration, which involve the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the “high-energy” exchange medium in the cell. During aerobic respiration, ATP is synthesized…
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Carotid body glomus cells mediate essential reflex responses to arterial blood hypoxia
Glomus cells are the cell type mainly located in the carotid bodies and aortic bodies. Glomus type I cells are peripheral chemoreceptors which sense the oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH levels of the blood. When there is a decrease in the blood’s pH, a decrease in oxygen (pO2), or an increase in carbon dioxide (pCO2), the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies signal the dorsal…
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Gastric inhibitory peptide aka GIP and receptors
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide or gastric inhibitory peptide also known as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide abbreviated as GIP, is an inhibiting hormone of the secretin family of hormones. While it is a weak inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, its main role is to stimulate insulin secretion. GIP, along with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), belongs to a class of molecules referred to as incretins. Synthesis and transport GIP is derived from a 153-amino acid proprotein encoded by…
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Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) aka PMCH
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), also known as pro-melanin stimulating hormone (PMCH), is a cyclic 19-amino acid orexigenic hypothalamicpeptide originally isolated from the pituitary gland of teleost fish, where it controls skin pigmentation. Barson JR, Morganstern I, Leibowitz SF (2013). “Complementary roles of orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone in feeding behavior”. International Journal of Endocrinology. 2013: 983964. doi:10.1155/2013/983964. PMC 3727095. PMID 23935621. In mammals it is involved in the regulation of feeding behavior, mood,…