salt deficiency may mimic other conditions
Hereās a concise, evidence-informed breakdown showing how acute or chronic sodium deficiency or mismanagement (restriction, wasting, or inability to retain) may mimic, exacerbate, or parallel mechanisms seen in these conditions. Each bullet links sodium to key dysfunctions: Parkinsonās Disease C
ADAM17: The Drama Queen of the Cellular World
ADAM17 is the protein that’s not content with just one stage name! Also known as TACE (TNF-Ī± Converting Enzyme), this molecular diva is the ultimate multi-tasker of the cellular world. Picture ADAM17 as the gossip columnist of the cell, always ready to spread the latest news. But instead of w
Asynchronous Muscles
Asynchronous muscles are muscles in which there is no one-to-one relationship between electrical stimulation and mechanical contraction. These muscles are found in 75% of flying insects and have convergently evolved 7-10 times.[1] Unlike their synchronous counterparts t
HFE H63D & VO2Ā max
SMOKE EM IF YOU GOT EM TheĀ HFE H63DĀ is aĀ single-nucleotide polymorphismĀ in theĀ HFE geneĀ (c.187C>G, rs1799945), which results in the substitution of a histidine for an aspartic acid at amino acid position 63 of the HFE protein (p.His63Asp). HFE participates in the regulation of iron absorption.
Oxytocin: The Molecular Maestro of Love and Labor
Buckle up, hormone enthusiasts! We’re about to take a wild ride into the world of oxytocin, the “love hormone” that’s been playing Cupid in our bodies since the dawn of mammalian evolution. This tiny peptide packs a punch that would make even Hercules jealous! Picture this: a
Average body temperature dropped every decade since the 1800s and even more every decadeĀ since 1960Ā
Attention, fellow humans! It’s time to chill out… literally! š§ Our bodies are on a cosmic cooldown, and it’s not just because we’ve all become walking popsicles addicted to air conditioning. Oh no, this is far more sinister and hilarious than that! The Great American Refri
Steroidogenic factor 1Ā (SF-1)Ā protein and a few related things
The steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) protein is a transcription factor involved in sex determination by controlling the activity of genes related to the reproductive glands or gonads and adrenal glands. This protein is encoded by the NR5A
Reactive arthritis aka Reiter’s syndrome
Reportedly triggered by everything from food poisoning to bug bites to STDs to hormones (estrogen, relaxin) Mnemonic: Can't See, Can't Pee, Can't Climb a Tree
Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1)
Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1)Ā orĀ Prostaglandin E synthaseĀ is anĀ enzymeĀ that in humans is encoded by theĀ PTGESĀ gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E synthase. The expression of this gene has been shown to be induced by proinfla
Humans have been interested in echinoid fossilsĀ (the fossilised remains ofĀ sea urchins) for millennia, considering them lucky and imbuing them with magical powers linked to theirĀ deities
A folk tradition in Denmark and southern England imaginedĀ sea urchin fossilsĀ to be thunderbolts, able to ward off harm by lightning or by witchcraft, as anĀ apotropaic symbol.Ā Another version supposed they were petrified eggs of snakes, able to protect against heart and liver disease, poisons, an
OsteopontinĀ (OPN)
OsteopontinĀ (OPN), also known asĀ bone /sialoprotein IĀ (BSP-1Ā orĀ BNSP),Ā early T-lymphocyte activationĀ (ETA-1),Ā secreted phosphoprotein 1Ā (SPP1),Ā 2arĀ andĀ Rickettsia resistanceĀ (Ric),Ā is aĀ proteinĀ that in humans is encoded by theĀ SPP1Ā gene (secreted phosphoprotein 1). The murine ortho
TheĀ transforming growth factor beta receptors
aĀ familyĀ ofĀ serine/threonine kinase receptorsĀ involved inĀ TGF beta signaling pathway
Pompe Disease
Glycogen storage disease type II, also called Pompe disease, is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder[1] which damages muscle and nerve cells throughout the body. It is caused by an accumulation of glycogen in the lysosome due to deficiency of the lysosoma
Brain natriuretic peptide 32Ā (BNP)
Brain natriuretic peptide 32 (BNP), also known as B-type natriuretic peptide, is a hormone secreted by cardiomyocytes in the heart ventricles in response to stretching caused by increased ventricular blood volume. BNP is one of two natriuretic peptides &
Triiodothyronine, akaĀ T3
Triiodothyronine, also known asĀ T3, is aĀ thyroid hormone. It affects almost everyĀ physiologicalĀ process in the body, includingĀ growth and development,Ā metabolism,Ā body temperature, andĀ heart rate. Bowen, R. (2010-07-24).Ā “Physiologic Effects of Thyroid Hormones”. Colorado State
LipofuscinĀ is the name given to fine yellow-brownĀ pigment granulesĀ composed ofĀ lipid-containing residues ofĀ lysosomalĀ digestion and considered to be one of the aging or “wear-and-tear” pigments
LipofuscinĀ is the name given to fine yellow-brownĀ pigment granulesĀ composed ofĀ lipid-containing residues ofĀ lysosomalĀ digestion.[1][2]Ā It is considered to be one of the aging or “wear-and-tear” pigments, found in theĀ liver,Ā kidney,Ā heartĀ muscle, retina,Ā adrenals,Ā nerveĀ cell