Tag: Toxin
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Snake venom can have significant effects on fat distribution and adipose tissue
Stimulation of adipose tissue cells: Bothrops moojeni snake venom (Bmv) has been shown to stimulate preadipocytes, which are precursor cells to fat cells. This stimulation leads to the release of inflammatory mediators such as PGE2, IL-6, and KC/IL-8. Increased lipid accumulation: Bmv has been observed to increase lipid accumulation in preadipocytes, suggesting that it can…
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The term “hormesis” derives from Greek hĂłrmÄ“sis for “rapid motion, eagerness”, itself from ancient Greek hormáein to excite. The same Greek root provides the word hormone.
Hormesis is a two-phased dose-response relationship to an environmental agent whereby low-dose amounts have a beneficial effect and high-dose amounts are either inhibitory to function or toxic. Within the hormetic zone, the biological response to low-dose amounts of some stressors is generally favorable. An example is the breathing of oxygen, which is required in low amounts (in air) via respiration in living animals, but can…
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p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is a derivative of aniline used in kevlar, hair dye and henna substitutions among other things, the derivatives of which are used in antiozonants among other horrors
p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(NH2)2. This derivative of aniline is a white solid, but samples can darken due to air oxidation.It is mainly used as a component of engineering polymers and composites like kevlar. It is also an ingredient in hair dyes and is occasionally used as a substitute for henna. Production PPD is produced via three routes. Most commonly, 4-nitrochlorobenzene is treated…
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Carotid body glomus cells mediate essential reflex responses to arterial blood hypoxia
Glomus cells are the cell type mainly located in the carotid bodies and aortic bodies. Glomus type I cells are peripheral chemoreceptors which sense the oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH levels of the blood. When there is a decrease in the blood’s pH, a decrease in oxygen (pO2), or an increase in carbon dioxide (pCO2), the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies signal the dorsal…
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Plumbagin
Plumbagin or 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone is an organic compound with the chemical formula C11H8O3. It is regarded as a toxin and it is genotoxic and mutagenic. Plumbagin is a yellow dye, formally derived from naphthoquinone. It is named after the plant genus Plumbago, from which it was originally isolated. It is also commonly found in the carnivorous plant genera Drosera and Nepenthes. It is also a component of the black walnut drupe. For the mineral known as plombagine, see Plumbago (mineral). See also…
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Allergolical (or allergological) syndrome that can show itself clinically with expressions of both respiratory allergy and alimentary allergy
Tabar AI, Acero S, Arregui C, Urdánoz M, Quirce S. Asma y alergia por el colorante carmĂn [Asthma and allergy due to carmine dye]. An Sist Sanit Navar. 2003;26 Suppl 2:65-73. Spanish. PMID: 13679965. Abstract Cochineal carmine, or simply carmine (E120), is a red colouring that is obtained from the dried bodies of the female…
