Tracheal cytotoxin (TCT) is a soluble piece of peptidoglycan (PGN) found in the cell wall of all gram-negative bacteria, but only some bacteria species release TCT including Bordetella pertussis, Vibrio fischeri, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Tracheal cytotoxin (TCT) is a 921 dalton glycopeptide released by Bordetella pertussis, Vibrio fischeri (as a symbiosis chemical), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (among other peptidoglycan-derived cytotoxins it produces). It is a soluble piece of peptidoglycan (PGN) found in the cell wall of all gram-negative bacteria, but only some bacteria species…

The syrinx (from the Greek word for pan pipes) is the vocal organ of birds

The syrinx (from the Greek word “σύρÎčÎłÎŸ” for pan pipes) is the vocal organ of birds. Located at the base of a bird’s trachea, it produces sounds without the vocal folds of mammals. The sound is produced by vibrations of some or…