Tag: Ethanol
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Isoleucine, Tryptophol, Sleeping Sickness, The Disulfiram Effect and One Trick Hypnotists From Hell
Isoleucine (symbol Ile or I) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated âNH+3 form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated âCOOâ form under biological conditions), and a hydrocarbon side chain with a branch (a central carbon atom bound to three other carbon atoms). It is classified as a non-polar, uncharged (at physiological pH), branched-chain, aliphatic amino acid. It…
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Erich Traub (1906 â 1985) German veterinarian, scientist and virologist who specialized in foot-and-mouth disease, Rinderpest and Newcastle disease
Erich Traub worked directly for Heinrich Himmler, head of the Schutzstaffel (SS), as the lab chief of the Nazis’ leading bio-weapons facility on Riems Island. Note: Riems is home to the oldest virological research institution in the world, now called the Friedrich Loeffler Institute, which was built by Friedrich Loeffler in 1910. Loeffler, a professor at the University of Greifswald, ran filtration tests in 1898 and found…
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Glucuronic acid is a uronic acid that was first isolated from urine
Glucuronic acid (from Greek γλΔῊÎșÎżÏ “wine, must” and ÎżáœÏÎżÎœ “urine“) is a uronic acid that was first isolated from urine (hence the name”uronic acid”). It is found in many gums such as gum arabic (approx. 18%), xanthan, and kombucha tea and is important for the metabolism of microorganisms, plants and animals. Not to be confused with Gluconic acid (Gluconic acid occurs naturally in fruit, honey, and wine. As a food additive E574, it is now known as an acidity regulator.…
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Cassava (tapioca) chips have become a major source of ethanol production
In many countries, significant research has begun to evaluate the use of cassava as an ethanol biofuel feedstock. Under the Development Plan for Renewable Energy in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan in the People’s Republic of China, the target was to increase the production of ethanol fuel from nongrain feedstock to 2 million metric tons (2,000,000 long tons; 2,200,000 short tons), and…
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Oxytocin
Oxytocin (Oxt or OT) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (41 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. 2015. p. 358. ISBN 978-0-7020-6851-5. It plays a role in social bonding, reproduction, childbirth, and the period after childbirth. Audunsdottir K, Quintana DS (2022-01-25). “Oxytocin’s dynamic role across the lifespan”. Aging Brain: 100028. doi:10.1016/j.nbas.2021.100028. ISSN 2589-9589. S2CID 246314607. Leng G, Leng RI (November 2021). “Oxytocin: A…
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Ghrelin or lenomorelin
History and name Gene, transcription products, and structure Ghrelin cells Alternative names Location Features Function and mechanism of action Blood levels Ghrelin receptor Locations of action Glucose metabolism Sleep Reproductive system Fetus and neonate Anorexia and obesity Disease management Gastric bypass surgery See also External links Look up ghrelin in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Hormones Peptides: neuropeptides Appetite…
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Prolactin receptor modulators
Prolactin Agonists An agonist is a chemical that activates a receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an antagonist blocks the action of the agonist, while an inverse agonist causes an action opposite to that of the agonist. Etymology: From the Greek αγÏÎœÎčÏÏÎźÏ (agĆnistÄs), contestant; champion; rival < αγÏΜ (agĆn), contest, combat; exertion, struggle…
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What Is Carnoy’s Solution?
Carnoy’s solution is a fixative composed of 60% ethanol, 30% chloroform and 10% glacial acetic acid, 1 gram of ferric chloride.[1][2] Carnoy’s solution is also the name of a different fixation composed of ethanol and glacial acetic acid (3:1).[3][4][5] Hm..and here are some articles that come up on a search for Carnoy’s solution at Science Direct I haven’t read them all but this…
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Histones
In biology, histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. They act as spools around which DNA winds to create structural units called nucleosomes.[1][2] Nucleosomes in turn are wrapped into 30-nanometer fibers that form tightly packed chromatin. Histones prevent DNA from becoming tangled and protect it from DNA damage. In addition, histones play important roles in gene regulation and DNA replication. Without histones, unwound DNA in chromosomes would be…
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What Is Nitrophenol? (besides something mentioned in âScientific Opinion on the reâevaluation of aspartame as a food additiveâ)
Nitrophenols are compounds of the formula HOC6H5âx(NO2)x. The conjugate bases are called nitrophenolates. Nitrophenols are more acidic than phenol itself. Wikipedia Mono-nitrophenols with the formula HOC6H4NO2. Three isomeric nitrophenols exist: o-Nitrophenol (2-nitrophenol; OH and NO2 groups are neighboring; CAS number: 88-75-5), a yellow crystalline solid (m.p. 46 °C). m-Nitrophenol (3-nitrophenol, CAS number: 554-84-7), a yellow solid (m.p. 97 °C) and precursor to the…
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What is the difference between teratogenic and embryotoxic?
Embryotoxicity is any morphological or functional alteration caused by chemical or physical agents that interferes with normal growth, homeostasis, development, and differentiation of fetus. Gametogenesis, Fertilization and Early Development – Environmental Contaminants on Embryogenesis, Calivarathan Latchoumycandane, Premendu P. Mathur, in Encyclopedia of Reproduction (Second Edition), 2018 My guess is that “embryotoxin” is a broad umbrella intended to cover all harmful agents, and…
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Aspartame Notes
NOTES ASPARTAME Under various names, aspartame is an ingredient in tens of thousands of consumables. some researchers suggest it is “by far” the most dangerous food additive. this is a collection of notes and articles concerning aspartame (in no particular order). HISTORY Aspartame was discovered in 1965 by James M. Schlatter, a chemist working for…
